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使用WSL在Windows上安装Ubuntu

使用WSL在Windows上安装Ubuntu

1. 清理环境

查看当前的wsl 状态,wsl --list 可以列出当前系统中已安装的子系统。

选择需要清理的系统,然后用 wsl --unregister <DistributionName> 即可完成卸载。

将 wsl 默认版本设置为 2:

wsl --set-default-version 2

可以通过 wsl -l -v 进行查看。

2. 通过Store进行安装

通过 wsl --install ubuntu 安装,提示无法处理(应该为网络原因)。

调整为通过 微软商店(microsoft store)搜索 ubuntu,选择20.04版本,然后获取并打开。

安装完成后会提示输入新用户名,直接Ctrl+C 取消输入操作。(如果需要卸载,可以通过 wsl --unregester xxx进行处理)

默认会安装到C盘,C盘可用空间大于25G,可以跳过迁移步骤,但是 必须设置wsl默认启动实例 

可以通过 wsl -l -v 进行查看。

3. 迁移目录

导出:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 E:\\ubuntu.tar

Ubuntu-20.04 实例名

E:\\ubuntu.tar 文件保存的地址

导出后,需要将原有的卸载。这样重新导入时,就不用重新命名了。

导入:

wsl --import ubuntu-20.04 E:\\_WSL\\ubuntu-20.04 E:\\ubuntu.tar

ubuntu-20.04 新的实例名(本例中因为卸载了原有系统,所以没有新命名)

E:\\_WSL\\ubuntu-20.04 新的实例保存地址

E:\\ubuntu.tar 导入的文件地址

查看导入结果,列出所有实例:

*代表当前默认启动实例

4. 设置默认环境

修改wsl默认启动实例:

wsl --set-default ubuntu-20.04

设置默认 ubuntu 默认登录用户为root:(注意:前面新建系统时,直接通过 ctrl+C 取消了新建用户

ubuntu-20.04 config --default-user root

启动 ubuntu-20.04,因为默认为 ubuntu-20.04,所以直接 wsl 即可。

5. 配置更新

更新 apt 源,调整为国内源。

找到 sources.list 位置,备份:

cp sources.list sources.list.bak_20230420

更新:

#阿里源地址
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse#华为源地址
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe#中科大源地址
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse#163源地址
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse#清华源地址
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe ultiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe ultiverse
更新 sources.list时,如果系统的vim不好使用,则可以通过 /mnt 的硬盘映射,拷贝到windows系统处理,然后在ubuntu 中替换。

更新:

sudo apt update