> 文章列表 > SpringBoot 调用外部接口的三种方式

SpringBoot 调用外部接口的三种方式

SpringBoot 调用外部接口的三种方式

方式一:使用原始httpClient请求

/** @description get方式获取入参,插入数据并发起流程* @params documentId* @return String*/
@RequestMapping("/submit/{documentId}")
public String submit1(@PathVariable String documentId) throws ParseException {//此处将要发送的数据转换为json格式字符串Map<String,Object> map =task2Service.getMap(documentId);String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map, SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames);JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);JSONObject sr = task2Service.doPost(jsonObject);return sr.toString();
}/** @description 使用原生httpClient调用外部接口* @params date* @return JSONObject*/
public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) {String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzsQ...";CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();// 要调用的接口urlString url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661 /xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);JSONObject jsonObject = null;try {//创建请求体并添加数据StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString());//此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数s.setContentType("application/json");s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");post.setEntity(s);//此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息post.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " +assessToken);HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());if (res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 返回json格式:String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}return jsonObject;
}

方式二:使用RestTemplate方法

Spring-Boot开发中,RestTemplate同样提供了对外访问的接口API,
这里主要介绍Get和Post方法的使用。

Get请求

提供了getForObjectgetForEntity两种方式,其中getForEntity如下三种方法的实现:

Get--getForEntity,存在以下两种方式重载
1.getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
2.getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)

Get–getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)

//该方法使用URI对象来替代之前的url和urlVariables参数来指定访问地址和参数绑定。
//URI是JDK java.net包下的一个类,表示一个统一资源标识符(Uniform Resource Identifier)引用。参考如下:
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
UriComponents 
uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}")
.build()
.expand("dodo")
.encode();
URI uri=uriComponents.toUri();
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();

Get–getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)

//该方法提供了三个参数,其中url为请求的地址,responseType为请求响应body的包装类型,
//urlVariables为url中的参数绑定,该方法的参考调用如下:
// http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
Mapparams=new HashMap<>();
params.put("name","dada"); //
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);
Get--getForObject,存在以下三种方式重载
1.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables)
2.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables)
3.getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)
getForObject方法可以理解为对getForEntity的进一步封装,
它通过HttpMessageConverterExtractor对HTTP的请求响应体body内容进行对象转换,
实现请求直接返回包装好的对象内容。

Post 请求

Post请求提供有postForEntitypostForObjectpostForLocation三种方式,
其中每种方式都有三种方法,下面介绍postForEntity的使用方法。

Post--postForEntity,存在以下三种方式重载
1.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object...  uriVariables) 
2.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map  uriVariables) 
3.postForEntity(URI url,Object request,Class responseType)

如下仅演示第二种重载方式

/** @description post方式获取入参,插入数据并发起流程* @params* @return*/
@PostMapping("/submit2")
public Object insertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) {String documentId=jsonObject.get("documentId").toString();return task2Service.submit(documentId);
}
/** @description 使用restTimeplate调外部接口* @params documentId* @return String*/
public String submit(String documentId){String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ...";RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();//创建请求头HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();//此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer " + assessToken);//此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json");Map<String, Object> map = getMap(documentId);String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);//创建请求体并添加数据HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<Map>(map, httpHeaders);String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);//此处三个参数分别是请求地址、请求体以及返回参数类型return forEntity.toString();
}

方式三:使用Feign进行消费

在maven项目中添加依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId><version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"})
public class MobilecardApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args);}
}

此处编写接口模拟外部接口供feign调用外部接口方式使用

定义controller
@Autowired
PrintService printService;
@PostMapping("/outSide")
public String test(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {return printService.print(testDto);
}
定义service
@Service
public interface PrintService {public String print(TestDto testDto);
}
定义serviceImpl
public class PrintServiceImpl implements PrintService {@Overridepublic String print(TestDto testDto) {return "模拟外部系统的接口功能"+testDto.getId();}
}
构建Feigin的Service
定义service
//此处name需要设置不为空,url需要在.properties中设置
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}", name = "service2")
public interface FeignService2 {@RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSide", method = RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublic String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}定义controller
@Autowired
FeignService2 feignService2;
//测试feign调用外部接口入口
@PostMapping("/test2")
public String test2(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {return feignService2.getMessage(testDto);
}

Feign的请求头添加

添加Header解决方法
将token等信息放入Feign请求头中,主要通过重写RequestInterceptor的apply方法实现
定义config

@Configuration
public class FeignConfig implements RequestInterceptor {@Overridepublic void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {//添加tokenrequestTemplate.header("token", "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCmu_TI2q9gsQ..");}
}

定义service

@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}",name = "feignServer", configuration = FeignDemoConfig.class)
public interface TokenDemoClient {@RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSideAddToken", method = RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublic String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}

定义controller

//测试feign调用外部接口入口,加上token
@PostMapping("/testToken")
public String test4(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {return tokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto);
}

铁三角麦克风