ProtoEditor - 如何在Unity中实现一个Protobuf通信协议类编辑器
简介
在Socket
网络编程中,假如使用Protobuf
作为网络通信协议,需要了解Protobuf
语法规则、编写.proto
文件并通过编译指令将.proto
文件转化为.cs
脚本文件,本文介绍如何在Unity中实现一个编辑器工具来使开发人员不再需要关注这些语法规则、编译指令,以及更便捷的编辑和修改.proto
文件内容。工具已上传至SKFramework
框架Package Manager
中:
Protobuf 语法规则
在介绍工具之前先简单介绍protobuf的语法规则,以便更好的理解工具的作用,下面是一个proto文件的示例:
message AvatarProperty
{required string userId = 1;required float posX = 2;required float posY = 3;required float posZ = 4;required float rotX = 5;required float rotY = 6;required float rotZ = 7;required float speed = 8;
}
- 类通过
message
来声明,后面是类的命名 - 字段修饰符包含三种类型:
- required : 不可增加或删除的字段,必须初始化
- optional : 可选字段,可删除,可以不初始化
- repeated : 可重复字段(对应C#里面的List)
- 与C#的字段类型对应关系如下,查阅自官网
.proto Type | C# Type | Notes |
---|---|---|
double | double | |
float | float | |
int32 | int | Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint32 instead. |
int64 | long | Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint64 instead. |
uint32 | uint | Uses variable-length encoding. |
uint64 | ulong | Uses variable-length encoding. |
sint32 | int | Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int32s. |
sint64 | long | Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int64s. |
fixed32 | uint | Always four bytes. More efficient than uint32 if values are often greater than 228. |
fixed64 | ulong | Always eight bytes. More efficient than uint64 if values are often greater than 256. |
sfixed32 | int | Always four bytes. |
sfixed64 | long | Always eight bytes. |
bool | bool | |
string | string | A string must always contain UTF-8 encoded or 7-bit ASCII text, and cannot be longer than 232. |
bytes | ByteString | May contain any arbitrary sequence of bytes no longer than 232. |
- 标识号:示例中的1-8表示每个字段的标识号,并不是赋值。
每个字段都有唯一的标识号,这些标识符是用来在消息的二进制格式中识别各个字段的。[1,15]之内的标识号在编码的时候会占用一个字节。[16,2047]之内的标识号则占用2个字节。所以应该为那些频繁出现的消息元素保留[1,15]之内的标识号。注:要为将来有可能添加的、频繁出现的标识号预留一些标识号,不可以使用其中的[19000-19999]标识号,Protobuf协议实现中对这些进行了预留。
Proto Editor
如图所示,工具包含以下功能:
New、Clear Message
:增加、删除message
类;
- 增加、删除、编辑
fields
字段(修饰符、类型、命名、分配标识号);
Import、Export Json File
:导入、导出json
文件(假如要修改一个已有的通信协议类,导入之前导出的Json文件再次编辑即可);
Generate Proto File
:生成.proto
文件;Create .bat
:生成.bat文件
(不再需要手动编辑编译指令)。
实现
创建窗口
- 继承
Editor Window
编辑器窗口类; Menu Item
添加打开窗口的菜单;
public class ProtoEditor : EditorWindow
{[MenuItem("Multiplayer/Proto Editor")]public static void Open(){GetWindow<ProtoEditor>("Proto Editor").Show();}
}
定义类、字段
/// <summary>
/// 类
/// </summary>
public class Message
{/// <summary>/// 类名/// </summary>public string name = "New Message";/// <summary>/// 所有字段/// </summary>public List<Fields> fieldsList = new List<Fields>(0);
}
/// <summary>
/// 字段
/// </summary>
public class Fields
{public ModifierType modifier;public FieldsType type;public string typeName;public string name;public int flag;
}
Modifer Type
:修饰符类型
/// <summary>
/// 修饰符类型
/// </summary>
public enum ModifierType
{/// <summary>/// 必需字段/// </summary>Required,/// <summary>/// 可选字段/// </summary>Optional,/// <summary>/// 可重复字段/// </summary>Repeated
}
Fields Type
:字段类型
这里只定义了我常用的几种类型,Custom用于自定义类型:
/// <summary>
/// 字段类型
/// </summary>
public enum FieldsType
{Double,Float,Int,Long,Bool,String,Custom,
}
增删类
- 声明一个列表存储所有类
//存储所有类
private List<Message> messages = new List<Message>();
- 声明一个字典用于存储折叠栏状态(每个类可折叠查看)
//字段存储折叠状态
private readonly Dictionary<Message, bool> foldoutDic = new Dictionary<Message, bool>();
- 插入、删除
//滚动视图
scroll = GUILayout.BeginScrollView(scroll);
for (int i = 0; i < messages.Count; i++)
{var message = messages[i];GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();foldoutDic[message] = EditorGUILayout.Foldout(foldoutDic[message], message.name, true);//插入新类if (GUILayout.Button("+", GUILayout.Width(20f))){Message insertMessage = new Message();messages.Insert(i + 1, insertMessage);foldoutDic.Add(insertMessage, true);Repaint();return;}//删除该类if (GUILayout.Button("-", GUILayout.Width(20f))){messages.Remove(message);foldoutDic.Remove(message);Repaint();return;}GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
}
GUILayout.EndScrollView();
- 底部新增、清空菜单:
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
//创建新的类
if (GUILayout.Button("New Message"))
{Message message = new Message();messages.Add(message);foldoutDic.Add(message, true);
}
//清空所有类
if (GUILayout.Button("Clear Messages"))
{//确认弹窗if (EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Confirm", "是否确认清空所有类型?", "确认", "取消")){//清空messages.Clear();foldoutDic.Clear();//重新绘制Repaint();}
}
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
编辑字段
- 折叠栏为打开状态时,绘制该类具体的字段:
//如果折叠栏为打开状态 绘制具体字段内容
if (foldoutDic[message])
{//编辑类名message.name = EditorGUILayout.TextField("Name", message.name);//字段数量为0 提供按钮创建if (message.fieldsList.Count == 0){if (GUILayout.Button("New Field")){message.fieldsList.Add(new Fields(1));}}else{for (int j = 0; j < message.fieldsList.Count; j++){var item = message.fieldsList[j];GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();//修饰符类型item.modifier = (ModifierType)EditorGUILayout.EnumPopup(item.modifier);//字段类型item.type = (FieldsType)EditorGUILayout.EnumPopup(item.type);if (item.type == FieldsType.Custom){item.typeName = GUILayout.TextField(item.typeName);}//编辑字段名item.name = EditorGUILayout.TextField(item.name);GUILayout.Label("=", GUILayout.Width(15f));//分配标识号item.flag = EditorGUILayout.IntField(item.flag, GUILayout.Width(50f));//插入新字段if (GUILayout.Button("+", GUILayout.Width(20f))){message.fieldsList.Insert(j + 1, new Fields(message.fieldsList.Count + 1));Repaint();return;}//删除该字段if (GUILayout.Button("-", GUILayout.Width(20f))){message.fieldsList.Remove(item);Repaint();return;}GUILayout.EndHorizontal();}}
}
导入、导出Json文件
- 导出Json文件以及生成Proto文件之前都需要判断当前的编辑是否有效,从以下几个方面判断:
proto file name
:文件名编辑是否输入为空;message name
:类名编辑是否输入为空;- 自定义字段类型时,是否输入为空;
- 标识号是否唯一 。
为Message、Fields类添加有效性判断函数:
/// <summary>
/// 类
/// </summary>
public class Message
{/// <summary>/// 类名/// </summary>public string name = "New Message";/// <summary>/// 所有字段/// </summary>public List<Fields> fieldsList = new List<Fields>(0);public bool IsValid(){bool flag = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(name);for (int i = 0; i < fieldsList.Count; i++){flag &= fieldsList[i].IsValid();if (!flag) return false;for (int j = 0; j < fieldsList.Count; j++){if (i != j){flag &= fieldsList[i].flag != fieldsList[j].flag;}if (!flag) return false;}}return flag;}
}
/// <summary>
/// 字段
/// </summary>
public class Fields
{public ModifierType modifier;public FieldsType type;public string typeName;public string name;public int flag;public Fields() { }public Fields(int flag){modifier = ModifierType.Required;type = FieldsType.String;name = "FieldsName";typeName = "FieldsType";this.flag = flag;}public bool IsValid(){return type != FieldsType.Custom || (type == FieldsType.Custom && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName));}
}
- 最终编辑有效性判断:
//编辑的内容是否有效
private bool ContentIsValid()
{bool flag = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName);flag &= messages.Count > 0;for (int i = 0; i < messages.Count; i++){flag &= messages[i].IsValid();if (!flag) break;}return flag;
}
- 导入、导出Json:
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
//导出Json
if (GUILayout.Button("Export Json File"))
{if (!ContentIsValid()){EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Error", "请按以下内容逐项检查:\\r\\n1.proto File Name是否为空\\r\\n2.message类名是否为空\\r\\n" +"3.字段类型为自定义时 是否填写了类型名称\\r\\n4.标识号是否唯一", "ok");}else{//文件夹路径string dirPath = Application.dataPath + workspacePath;//文件夹不存在则创建if (!Directory.Exists(dirPath))Directory.CreateDirectory(dirPath);//json文件路径string filePath = dirPath + "/" + fileName + ".json";if (EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Confirm", "是否保存当前编辑内容到" + filePath, "确认", "取消")){//序列化string json = JsonMapper.ToJson(messages);//写入File.WriteAllText(filePath, json);//刷新AssetDatabase.Refresh();}}
}
//导入Json
if (GUILayout.Button("Import Json File"))
{//选择json文件路径string filePath = EditorUtility.OpenFilePanel("Import Json File", Application.dataPath + workspacePath, "json");//判断路径有效性if (File.Exists(filePath)){//读取json内容string json = File.ReadAllText(filePath);//清空messages.Clear();foldoutDic.Clear();//反序列化messages = JsonMapper.ToObject<List<Message>>(json);//填充字典for (int i = 0; i < messages.Count; i++){foldoutDic.Add(messages[i], true);}//文件名称FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);fileName = fileInfo.Name.Replace(".json", "");//重新绘制Repaint();return;}
}
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
生成.proto文件
主要是字符串拼接工作:
//生成proto文件
if (GUILayout.Button("Generate Proto File"))
{if (!ContentIsValid()){EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Error", "请按以下内容逐项检查:\\r\\n1.proto File Name是否为空\\r\\n2.message类名是否为空\\r\\n" +"3.字段类型为自定义时 是否填写了类型名称\\r\\n4.标识号是否唯一", "ok");}else{string protoFilePath = EditorUtility.SaveFilePanel("Generate Proto File", Application.dataPath, fileName, "proto");if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(protoFilePath)){StringBuilder protoContent = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < messages.Count; i++){var message = messages[i];StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();sb.Append("message " + message.name + "\\r\\n" + "{\\r\\n");for (int n = 0; n < message.fieldsList.Count; n++){var field = message.fieldsList[n];//缩进sb.Append(" ");//修饰符sb.Append(field.modifier.ToString().ToLower());//空格sb.Append(" ");//如果是自定义类型 拼接typeName switch (field.type){case FieldsType.Int: sb.Append("int32"); break;case FieldsType.Long: sb.Append("int64"); break;case FieldsType.Custom: sb.Append(field.typeName); break;default: sb.Append(field.type.ToString().ToLower()); break;}//空格sb.Append(" ");//字段名sb.Append(field.name);//等号sb.Append(" = ");//标识号sb.Append(field.flag);//分号及换行符sb.Append(";\\r\\n");}sb.Append("}\\r\\n");protoContent.Append(sb.ToString());}//写入文件File.WriteAllText(protoFilePath, protoContent.ToString());//刷新(假设路径在工程内 可以避免手动刷新才看到)AssetDatabase.Refresh();//打开该文件夹FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(protoFilePath);Process.Start(fileInfo.Directory.FullName);}}
}
生成.bat文件
- 使用
OpenFolderPanel
打开protogen.exe
文件所在的文件夹,.bat
文件需要生成在该文件夹下:
- 获取proto文件夹下的所有
.proto
文件的名称,拼接编译指令:
//创建.bat文件
if (GUILayout.Button("Create .bat"))
{//选择路径(protogen.exe所在的文件夹路径)string rootPath = EditorUtility.OpenFolderPanel("Create .bat file(protogen.exe所在的文件夹)", Application.dataPath, string.Empty);//取消if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rootPath)) return;//protogen.exe文件路径string protogenPath = rootPath + "/protogen.exe";//不是protogen.exe所在的文件夹路径if (!File.Exists(protogenPath)){EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Error", "请选择protogen.exe所在的文件夹路径", "ok");}else{string protoPath = rootPath + "/proto";DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(protoPath);//获取所有.proto文件信息FileInfo[] protos = di.GetFiles("*.proto");//使用StringBuilder拼接字符串StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//遍历for (int i = 0; i < protos.Length; i++){string proto = protos[i].Name;//拼接编译指令sb.Append(rootPath + @"/protogen.exe -i:proto\\" + proto + @" -o:cs\\" + proto.Replace(".proto", ".cs") + "\\r\\n");}sb.Append("pause");//生成".bat文件"string batPath = $"{rootPath}/run.bat";File.WriteAllText(batPath, sb.ToString());//打开该文件夹Process.Start(rootPath);}
}
最终运行.bat
文件,就可以将.proto
文件转化为.cs
脚本文件: