C语言函数大全--g开头的函数（下）
C语言函数大全
本篇介绍C语言函数大全–g开头的函数（下）
17. getmodename
17.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
char * getmodename(int mode_name); |
获取指定的图形模式名 |
17.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main(void)
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy, mode;char numname[80], modename[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;mode = getgraphmode();sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode));settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}
17.3 运行结果
18. getmoderange
18.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
void getmoderange(int graphdriver, int *lomode, int *himode); |
获取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 |
18.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy, low, high;char mrange[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;getmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high);sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d~%d", low, high);settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}
18.3 运行结果
19. getpalette
19.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
void getpalette(struct palettetype *palette); |
获取有关当前调色板的信息 |
19.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;struct palettetype pal;char psize[80], pval[20];int i, ht;int y = 10;initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}getpalette(&pal);sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d modifiable entries.", pal.size);outtextxy(0, y, psize);if (pal.size != 0){ht = textheight("W");y += 2*ht;outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current values:");y += 2*ht;for (i=0; i < pal.size; i++, y+=ht){sprintf(pval, "palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, pal.colors[i]);outtextxy(0, y, pval);}}getch();closegraph();return 0;
}
19.3 运行结果
20. getpixel
20.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getpixel(int x, int y); |
获取得指定像素的颜色 |
20.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
#define DELAY_TIME 100int main(void)
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy, x, y, color, maxx, maxy, maxcolor;char mPixel[50];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;maxx = getmaxx() + 1;maxy = getmaxy() + 1;maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1;while (!kbhit()){srand((unsigned)time(NULL));x = rand() % maxx;y = rand() % maxy;color = rand() % maxcolor;putpixel(x, y, color);sprintf(mPixel, "color of pixel at (%d,%d) = %d", x, y, getpixel(x, y));settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, mPixel);delay(DELAY_TIME);cleardevice();}getch();closegraph();return 0;
}20.3 运行结果
21. gets
21.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
从标准输入流中读取字符串，直至遇到到换行符或EOF时停止，并将读取的结果存放在 buffer 指针所指向的字符数组中。换行符不作为读取串的内容，读取的换行符被转换为 '\\0' 空字符，并由此来结束字符串。 |
注意： gets 函数可以无限读取，易发生溢出。如果溢出，多出来的字符将被写入到堆栈中，这就覆盖了堆栈原先的内容，破坏一个或多个不相关变量的值。
21.2 演示示例
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{char string[80];printf("Input a string:");gets(string);printf("The string input was: %s\\n", string);return 0;
}
21.3 运行结果
22. gettextsettings
22.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
void gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype *textinfo); |
获取有关当前图形文本字体的信息 |
22.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>// 文本字体
char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT","TRIPLEX_FONT","SMALL_FONT","SANS_SERIF_FONT","GOTHIC_FONT"};// 文本方向
char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" };// 文本水平对齐方式
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" };// 文本垂直对齐方式
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" };int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;struct textsettingstype textinfo;int midx, midy, ht;char fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];char hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;// 获取有关当前图形文本字体的信息gettextsettings(&textinfo);sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]);sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);sprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize);sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.", hjust[textinfo.horiz]);sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", vjust[textinfo.vert]);ht = textheight("W");settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr);outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr);outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr);outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}22.3 运行结果
23. getviewsettings
23.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
void getviewsettings(struct viewporttype *viewport); |
获取有关当前视区的信息 |
23.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" };int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;struct viewporttype viewinfo;int midx, midy, ht;char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;// 获取有关当前视区的信息getviewsettings(&viewinfo);sprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top);sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.", viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom);sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]);settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);ht = textheight("W");outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr);outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr);outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}23.3 运行结果
24. getw
24.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getw(FILE *strem); |
从 stream 所指向文件读取下一个整数 |
24.2 演示示例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>#define FNAME "test.txt"int main(void)
{FILE *fp;int word;fp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");if (fp == NULL){printf("Error opening file %s\\n", FNAME);exit(1);}word = 94;putw(word,fp);if (ferror(fp))printf("Error writing to file\\n");elseprintf("Successful write\\n");fclose(fp);fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");if (fp == NULL){printf("Error opening file %s\\n", FNAME);exit(1);}word = getw(fp);if (ferror(fp))printf("Error reading file\\n");elseprintf("Successful read: word = %d\\n", word);fclose(fp);unlink(FNAME);return 0;
}
24.3 运行结果
25. getx，gety
25.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getx(void); |
获取当前图形位置的 x 坐标 |
| 获取当前图形位置的 y 坐标 |
25.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main(void)
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;char msg[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2);sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety());outtext(msg);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}25.3 运行结果
26. gmtime
26.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); |
把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT) |
26.2 演示示例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <dos.h>// 太平洋标准时间和夏令时
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT";int main(void)
{time_t t;struct tm *gmt, *area;putenv(tzstr); // 用来改变或增加环境变量的内容tzset(); // UNIX时间兼容函数// 获取当前的系统时间，其值表示从协调世界时（Coordinated Universal Time）// 1970年1月1日00:00:00（称为UNIX系统的Epoch时间）到当前时刻的秒数。t = time(NULL); area = localtime(&t); // 把从1970-1-1零点零分到当前时间系统所偏移的秒数时间转换为本地时间// asctime 把timeptr指向的tm结构体中储存的时间转换为字符串printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area));// 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)gmt = gmtime(&t);printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt));return 0;
}
26.3 运行结果
27. graphdefaults
27.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
void graphdefaults(void); |
将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 |
27.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>int main(void)
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int maxx, maxy;initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\\\bor\\\\Borland\\\\bgi");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}maxx = getmaxx();maxy = getmaxy();setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3);line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored.");getch();// 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值graphdefaults();cleardevice();line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values.");getch();closegraph();return 0;
}27.3 运行结果
28. grapherrormsg
28.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
char * grapherrormsg(int errorcode); |
返回一个错误信息串的指针 |
28.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>#define NONSENSE -50int main(void)
{// FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCURint gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode;initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());getch();closegraph();return 0;
}28.3 运行结果
29. graphresult
29.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int graphresult(void); |
返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 |
29.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>int main(void)
{// request auto detectionint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());getch();closegraph();return 0;
}29.3 运行结果
30. getmaxwidth，getmaxheight
30.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getmaxwidth(void); |
获取屏幕的最大宽度 |
int getmaxheight(void); |
获取屏幕的最大高度 |
30.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy;char ch[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;sprintf(ch, "maxwidth = %d, maxheight = %d", getmaxwidth(), getmaxheight());settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, ch);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}
30.3 运行结果
31. getdisplaycolor
31.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getdisplaycolor( int color ); |
根据 color ，返回要显示的颜色值 |
注意： color = -1 , 则返回 WHITE = 15 的颜色值；color < - 1 或 color > 15，则输出一个8位整数。
31.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy;char ch[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;sprintf(ch, "color = %d, displaycolor(-1) = %d, displaycolor(16) = %d", getcolor(), getdisplaycolor(-1), getdisplaycolor(16));settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, ch);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}31.3 运行结果
32. getwindowwidth，getwindowheight
32.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
int getwindowwidth(); |
获取图形界面窗口宽度 |
int getwindowheight(void); |
获取图形界面窗口高度 |
32.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy, low, high;char ch[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;sprintf(ch, "windowwidth = %d, windowheight = %d", getwindowwidth(), getwindowheight());settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, ch);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}32.3 运行结果
33. getrefreshingbgi
33.1 函数说明
| 函数声明 | 函数功能 |
|---|---|
bool getrefreshingbgi(void); |
获取刷新基础图形界面标识 |
33.2 演示示例
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;int midx, midy, low, high;char ch[80];initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");errorcode = graphresult();if (errorcode != grOk){printf("Graphics error: %s\\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));printf("Press any key to halt:");getch();exit(1);}midx = getmaxx() / 2;midy = getmaxy() / 2;sprintf(ch, "refreshingbgi = %d", getrefreshingbgi());settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);outtextxy(midx, midy, ch);getch();closegraph();return 0;
}33.3 运行结果
参考
- [API Reference Document]
- [gets]