蓝桥杯嵌入式第十一届省赛题目解析
写完第十一届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛题目，拿出来给大家参考参考，也是让大家一起测试看看有什么问题还需要改进，代码在最后喔。
目录
客观题：
程序设计题 ：
题目解析：
CubeMX配置
代码演示 ：
客观题：
程序设计题 ：
题目解析：
说一下，十一届用的是f103的开发板，本人是用g431来解题目。此次程序设计题用到的模块是LCD，LED，按键，ADC和两个PWM，模块也都是常考的，熟悉的话没什么问题。
其中PWM就需要改占空比，那么可以使用一个用来改变PWM占空比的函数。
//修改PWM的占空比（CCRX）
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim16, TIM_CHANNEL_1, PA6*100);
注意：函数的参数是根据自动重装载值来设置的，例如题目是要求PA6引脚可以根据按键来修改占空比从10%到90%，由于我设置的自动重装载值是10000，所以当我们需要将占空比设置为10%时，变量PA6=10，传过去的参数是1000，而1000就是10000的10%
而ADC主要是获取到ADC的值并转换成电压值。
float Get_ADC(ADC_HandleTypeDef *pin)
{uint adc;HAL_ADC_Start(pin);adc = HAL_ADC_GetValue(pin);return adc*3.3/4096;
}说完了，就开始配置CubeMX吧，
CubeMX配置
时钟配置完了，需要按下回车（Enter）来保存。
根据原理图配置GPIO引脚，其中lcd和led的引脚都设置为output，按键设置为input，PWM1是PA6设置为定时器16的第一通道，PWM2是PA7设置为定时器17的第一通道，需要把PD2也设置为output用来作为led的锁存器。
在GPIO中选中按键的引脚，设置为上拉输入模式。
在GPIO中，选中led的引脚，设置为初始状态为高电平（上电是LED灯就是熄灭状态），推挽输出模式，既不上拉也不下拉。其他引脚使用默认设置就是行。
定时器16的通道1设置为PWM1的通道1，然后设置预分频器值和自动重装值以及占空比，初始状态占空比10%。
定时器17的通道1设置为PWM2的通道1，然后设置预分频器值和自动重装值以及占空比，初始状态占空比10%。
勾选ADC2的第15通道，其他默认就行。
设置项目名字和保存路径（建议不要有中文），以及IDE的板本。
勾选这个主要是让.c和.h文件单独分开，之后就可以生成代码了，CubeMX配置就完成了，如果之后想要添加新的模块或者修改配置好了模块的值，可以直接在文件中打开CubeMX的工程进行修改，改完后再点击GENERATE CODE就行了。
代码演示 ：
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/* @file : main.c* @brief : Main program body* @attention Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved. This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS./
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "led.h"
#include "key.h"
#include "show.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "mst.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
extern uchar btn; //按键值
extern bool L1,L2; //LED1和LED2的标识，为1点亮uchar PA6 = 10,PA7 = 10; //PA6,PA7的占空比
bool mode = 0,jm = 0; //mode为0是自动模式，jm为0是数据显示界面
float ADC = 0.0f;
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//* @brief The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_TIM16_Init();MX_TIM17_Init();MX_ADC2_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */LCD_Init();LCD_Clear(Black);LCD_SetBackColor(Black);LCD_SetTextColor(White);HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim16, TIM_CHANNEL_1);HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim17, TIM_CHANNEL_1);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ADC = Get_ADC(&hadc2);KEY_Scan();switch(btn){case 1:{jm ^= 1;L2 ^= 1;btn = 0;LCD_Clear(Black);}break;case 2:{if(1 == jm){PA6 += 10;if(PA6 > 90)PA6 = 10; }btn = 0;}break;case 3:{if(1 == jm){PA7 += 10;if(PA7 > 90)PA7 = 10; }btn = 0;}break;case 4:{mode ^= 1;L1 ^= 1;btn = 0;LCD_Clear(Black);}break;}if(0 == jm)Data();else Para();if(0 == mode){PWM_Set_Compare(&htim16, (uchar)(ADC/3.3f)*10000); //设置占空比，把_HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE函数封装了一下，在show.c中PWM_Set_Compare(&htim17, (uchar)(ADC/3.3f)*5000);}else{PWM_Set_Compare(&htim16, PA6*100);PWM_Set_Compare(&htim17, PA7*50);}LED_Hint();}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/* @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/ Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/ Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/ Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\\r\\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */main.h
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/* @file : main.h* @brief : Header for main.c file.* This file contains the common defines of the application.* @attention Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved. This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS./
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32g4xx_hal.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ET *//* USER CODE END ET *//* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EC *//* USER CODE END EC *//* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EM *//* USER CODE END EM *//* Exported functions prototypes ---------------------------------------------*/
void Error_Handler(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN EFP *//* USER CODE END EFP *//* Private defines -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
/* USER CODE END Private defines */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif /* __MAIN_H */
key.c
#include "key.h"Btn key[4] = {0};
uchar btn = 0;void KEY_Scan(void)
{uchar i;key[0].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);key[1].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);key[2].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);key[3].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);for(i=0;i<4;i++){switch(key[i].state){case 0:if(key[i].press == 0)key[i].state = 1;break;case 1:{if(key[i].press == 0){key[i].state = 2;btn = i+1;}elsekey[i].state = 0;}break;case 2:if(key[i].press == 1)key[i].state = 0;break;}}
}key.h
#ifndef __KEY_H
#define __KEY_H#include "main.h"typedef struct{bool press;uchar state;
}Btn;void KEY_Scan(void);#endif
led.c
#include "led.h"uint16_t LED = 0xff00;
bool L1 = 1,L2 = 1;void LED_SET(void)
{GPIOC->ODR = LED;HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}void LED_Hint(void)
{if(1 == L1){LED &= ~(0x01ff);LED_SET();}else{LED |= 0x0100;LED_SET();}if(1 == L2){LED &= ~(0x02ff);LED_SET();}else{LED |= 0x0200;LED_SET();}
}
led.h
#ifndef __LED_H
#define __LED_H#include "main.h"void LED_SET(void);
void LED_Hint(void);#endif
led使用寄存器，目的是单独控制一个LED灯时不干扰其他LED灯，使用HAL库函数，改变一个灯的值，会干扰到其他灯的显示，有没有好心人在评论区告知一下怎么使用HAL库才不会有这种情况，感谢。
show.c
#include "show.h"extern uchar PA6,PA7;
extern bool mode;
char text[21];void LCD_SHOW(u8 line, char *text)
{LCD_DisplayStringLine(line*24, (u8 *)text);
}void Data(void)
{sprintf(text, " Data ");LCD_SHOW(0, text);sprintf(text, " V:%.2fV ",Get_ADC(&hadc2));LCD_SHOW(2, text);if(!mode)sprintf(text, " Mode:AUTO ");elsesprintf(text, " Mode:MANU ");LCD_SHOW(4, text);
}void Para(void)
{sprintf(text, " Para ");LCD_SHOW(0, text);sprintf(text, " PA6:%d%% ",PA6);LCD_SHOW(2, text);sprintf(text, " PA7:%d%% ",PA7);LCD_SHOW(4, text);}void PWM_Set_Compare(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim, uchar Duty)
{__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(htim, TIM_CHANNEL_1, Duty);
}
show.h
#ifndef __SHOW_H
#define __SHOW_H#include "main.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "mst.h"
#include "tim.h"void LCD_SHOW(u8 line, char *text);
void Data(void);
void Para(void);
void PWM_Set_Compare(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim, uchar Duty);#endif
mst.c
#include "mst.h"float Get_ADC(ADC_HandleTypeDef *pin)
{uint adc;HAL_ADC_Start(pin);adc = HAL_ADC_GetValue(pin);return adc*3.3/4096;
}
mst.h
#ifndef __MST_H
#define __MST_H#include "main.h"float Get_ADC(ADC_HandleTypeDef *pin);#endif
以上就是我修改过的文件和新添加的文件。还有lcd模块，不过不需要我们自己写，官方有提供，直接复制过来就行，注意有三个文件，别只复制lcd.c和lcd.h。
总的来说，这届题目是比较简单的，用到的模块和逻辑都没有什么难度。好了，以上就是蓝桥杯嵌入式第十一届省赛的题目解析了，如果有什么问题和建议都欢迎在评论区提出来喔。
