> 文章列表 > Vue3学习笔记(9.2)

Vue3学习笔记(9.2)

Vue3学习笔记(9.2)

Vue3表单

我们可以用v-model指令在表单<input>、<textarea>及<select>等元素上创建双向数据绑定

v-model会根据控件类型自动选取正确的方法来更新元素。

v-model会忽略所有表单的value、checked、selected属性的初始值,使用的是data选项中声明的初始值。

v-model在内部为不同的输入元素使用不同的属性并抛出不同的事件:

text和textarea元素使用value属性和input事件;

checkbox和radio使用checked属性和change事件;

select字段将value作为属性并将change作为事件。

 

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 10:12:10* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><!-- <button @click="say('不嗨')">Say hi</button> --><!-- <button @click="one($event),two($event)">Say ji</button> --><p>input输入的内容:</p><input type="text" v-model="message" placeholder="请输入内容:"><p>文本框输入的内容为:{{message}}</p><p>文本域输入的内容:</p><textarea name="" id="" cols="30" rows="10" v-model="message2" placeholder="文本域输入内容:"></textarea><p>文本域输入的内容是:</p><p style="white-space: pre;">{{message2}}</p></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'message:"",message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 在文本域textarea的插值是不起作用的,需要用v-model来代替:

<!-- 不起作用 -->
<textarea>{{ text }}</textarea><!-- 正确 -->
<textarea v-model="text"></textarea>

复选框

复选框如果是一个未逻辑值,如果是多个则绑定到同一个数组:

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 10:27:13* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><!-- <button @click="say('不嗨')">Say hi</button> --><!-- <button @click="one($event),two($event)">Say ji</button> --><p>单个复选框:</p><input type="checkbox"  id="checkbox" v-model="checked"><label for="checkbox">{{checked}}</label><p>多个复选框:</p><input type="checkbox"  id="mul_box1" v-model="checkedNames" value="Shanghai"><label for="mul_box1">Shanghai</label><input type="checkbox"  id="mul_box2" v-model="checkedNames" value="Beijing"><label for="mul_box2">Beijing</label><input type="checkbox"  id="mul_box3" v-model="checkedNames" value="Tianjin"><label for="mul_box3">Tianjin</label><div><span>你选择的值为:{{checkedNames}}</span></div></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'// message:"",// message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"checked:false,checkedNames:["mez"]}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 单选按钮

以下实例中演示了单选按钮的双向数据绑定:

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 10:34:41* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><!-- <button @click="say('不嗨')">Say hi</button> --><!-- <button @click="one($event),two($event)">Say ji</button> --><p>单个复选框:</p><input type="radio"  id="Shanghai" value="Shanghai" v-model="picked"><label for="Shanghai">Shanghai</label><div></div><input type="radio"  id="Beijing" value="Beijing" v-model="picked"><label for="Beijing">Beijing</label><div><span>你选择的值为:{{picked}}</span></div></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'// message:"",// message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"// checked:false,// checkedNames:["mez"]picked:'Beijing'}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 select列表

以下实例演示了下拉列表的双向数据绑定:

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 16:23:11* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><select name="" id="" v-model="selected" name="site"><option value="">选择一个网站</option><option value="www.baidu.com">百度</option><option value="www.google.com">谷歌</option></select><div id="output">选择的网站是:{{selected}}</div></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'// message:"",// message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"// checked:false,// checkedNames:["mez"]// picked:'Beijing'selected:'无'}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 多选时会绑定到一个数组:

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 16:27:56* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><select name="" id="" v-model="selected" name="site" multiple><option value="">选择一个网站</option><option value="www.baidu.com">百度</option><option value="www.google.com">谷歌</option><option value="www.kunkun.com">坤坤</option><option value="www.basketball.com">篮球</option></select><div id="output">选择的网站是:{{selected}}</div></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'// message:"",// message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"// checked:false,// checkedNames:["mez"]// picked:'Beijing'selected:'无'}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 记得在多选时按住Ctrl键,要不然还是单选

使用v-for循环输出选项:

<!--* @Author: RealRoad1083425287@qq.com* @Date: 2023-04-04 09:02:04* @LastEditors: Mei* @LastEditTime: 2023-04-04 16:36:49* @FilePath: \\vscode\\v-on.html* @Description: * * Copyright (c) 2023 by ${git_name_email}, All Rights Reserved. 
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="vue_doc/vue.global3.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app"><select name="" id="" v-model="selected" name="site" ><option :value="option.value" v-for="option in options">{{option.title}}</option><!-- <option value="www.baidu.com">百度</option><option value="www.google.com">谷歌</option><option value="www.kunkun.com">坤坤</option><option value="www.basketball.com">篮球</option> --></select><div id="output">选择的网站是:{{selected}}</div></div><script>const app={data(){return{// name:'mez'// message:"",// message2:"两年半练习生\\n唱跳rap篮球"// checked:false,// checkedNames:["mez"]// picked:'Beijing'selected:'www.kunkun.com',options:[{title:'kunkun',value:'www.kunkun.com'},{title:'baidu',value:'www.baidu.com'},{title:'guge',value:'www.google.com'},]}}// methods:{//     one(event){//         alert("第一个弹窗")// if (event){//     alert(event.target.tagName)// }//     },//     two(event){//         alert("第二个弹窗")//         // if (event){//         //     alert(event.target.tagName)//         // }//     }// }}Vue.createApp(app).mount('#app')</script>
</body>
</html>

 值绑定

对于单选按钮,复选框及选择框的选项,v-model绑定的值通常是静态字符串(对于复选框也可以是布尔值):

<!-- 当选中时,`picked` 为字符串 "a" -->
<input type="radio" v-model="picked" value="a" /><!-- `toggle` 为 true 或 false -->
<input type="checkbox" v-model="toggle" /><!-- 当选中第一个选项时,`selected` 为字符串 "abc" -->
<select v-model="selected"><option value="abc">ABC</option>
</select>

但是有时我们可能向把值绑定到当前活动实例的一个动态属性上,这时可以用v-bind实现,此外,使用v-bind可以将输入值绑定到非字符串。

复选框(CheckBox):

<input type="checkbox" v-model="toggle" true-value="yes" false-value="no" />
...
// 选中时
vm.toggle === 'yes'
// 取消选中 
vm.toggle === 'no'

单选框(Radio)

<input type="radio" v-model="pick" v-bind:value="a" />
// 当选中时
vm.pick === vm.a

选择框选项(Select)

<select v-model="selected"><!-- 内联对象字面量 --><option :value="{ number: 123 }">123</option>
</select>
// 当被选中时
typeof vm.selected // => 'object'
vm.selected.number // => 123

修饰符

.lazy

在默认情况下,v-model在input事件中同步输入框的值和数据,但你可以添加一个修饰符lazy,从而转变为在change事件中同步:

<!-- 在 "change" 而不是 "input" 事件中更新 -->
<input v-model.lazy="msg" >

.number

如果将自动将用户的输入值转变为Number类型(如果原值的转换结果为NAN则返回原值),可以添加一个修饰符number给v-model来处理输入值:

<input v-model.number="age" type="number">

这通常很有用,因为在type=“number”时HTML中输入的值也总是返回字符串类型。

.trim

如果向自动过滤用户输入的首尾空白字符,可以添加trim修饰符到v-model上过滤输入:

<input v-model.trim="msg">