Docker之常用命令
Docker 常用命令
- 1. 帮助命令
- 2. 镜像命令
-
- 2.1 docker images 查看所有镜像
- 2.2 docker search 搜索镜像
- 2.3 docker pull 拉取镜像
- 2.4 docker rmi 删除镜像
- 3. 容器命令
-
- 3.1 docker run 启动容器
- 3.2 docker ps 列出运行的容器
- 3.3 exit 退出容器
- 3.4 docker rm 删除容器
- 3.5 docker run/stop 启动和停止容器
- 3.6 其他命令
-
- 3.6.1 docker run -d 后台启动容器
- 3.6.2 docker logs 查看日志
- 3.6.3 docker top 查看容器张的进程信息
- 3.6.4 docker inspect 查看镜像源数据
- 3.6.5 docker exec 进入当前正在运行的容器
- 3.6.6 docker cp 从容器内拷贝到主机上
- 4. 小结
-
- 4.1 Docker 所有的命令
- 4.2 exec 和 attach 的区别
- 4.3 Docker 命令帮助文档
- 5. Docker 可视化
1. 帮助命令
docker version # 查看docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker --help # 帮助命令
2. 镜像命令
docker images # 查看本机上所有镜像
docker search # 搜索镜像
docker pull # 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi # 删除镜像
2.1 docker images 查看所有镜像
[root@ds1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
eladmin latest 6156c405297e 2 days ago 572MB
las_oa latest 6156c405297e 2 days ago 572MB
tomcat latest 51c25da77baf 7 days ago 474MB
mysql 8.0 4073e6a6f542 2 weeks ago 530MB
nginx latest 904b8cb13b93 3 weeks ago 142MB
redis latest f9c173b0f012 3 weeks ago 117MB# 解释
REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
TAG # 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
SIZE # 镜像的大小# 可选项 Options:-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的ID
2.2 docker search 搜索镜像
[root@ds1 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 13962 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5321 [OK] # 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
2.3 docker pull 拉取镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] （tag是版本）
[root@ds1 /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag,默认就是latest最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载：docker image 的核心---联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址# 两条命令等价
docker pull mysql
docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定版本下载
docker pull mysql:5.7
2.4 docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除指定的多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有的镜像
3. 容器命令
- 说明： 我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos
docker pull centos
3.1 docker run 启动容器
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明
--name = "Name" 容器名字 tomcat01，tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080：8080-p ip:主机端口：容器端口-p 主机端口：容器端口(常用)-p 容器端口容器端口
-p 随机指定端口# 测试，启动并进入容器
docker 容器是由 docker 镜像创建的运行实例
[root@ds1 /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@0e1dfb1233d0 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var# 从容器中退回主机
[root@0e1dfb1233d0 /]# exit
exit
[root@ds1 /]# ls
bin data etc lib media my opt root sbin sys usr www
boot dev home lib64 mnt mydata proc run srv tmp va
3.2 docker ps 列出运行的容器
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令# 列出当前正在运行的容器-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器 ? 代表个数-q # 只显示容器的编号
3.3 exit 退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
3.4 docker rm 删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f (f是force)
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
- ps : 镜像就像是一个压缩包，他把容器打包保存，你使用的时候解压包就可以直接使用。或者说镜像就是安装包，容器就是安装好的应用app
3.5 docker run/stop 启动和停止容器
- run 是创建并启动容器（run相当于新建并运行），start是启动停止了的容器（start只有运行）
docker start 容器id # 启动容器 docker restart 容器id # 重启容器 docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
3.6 其他命令
3.6.1 docker run -d 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
docker run -d centos# 问题docker ps, 发现centos 停止了# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 如nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
3.6.2 docker logs 查看日志
docker logs # 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@ds1/]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo Hello World;sleep 1;done"# 显示日志
docker logs
-t # 显示日志加时间
-f # 保留打印窗口，持续打印
--tail number # 要显示的最后的日志条数[root@ds1/]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
babf34105183 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 20 seconds ago Up 19 seconds strange_blackburn
[root@ds1/]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 babf34105183
- 记得停止程序
docker stop id
3.6.3 docker top 查看容器张的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@ds1 /]# docker top 94c79bffd32f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 15569 15550 0 16:08 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
3.6.4 docker inspect 查看镜像源数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@ds1 /]# docker inspect 94c79bffd32f
[{"Id": "94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234","Created": "2023-03-24T08:08:14.35591371Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 15569,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2023-03-24T08:08:14.668825682Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234/94c79bffd32ff039270b954b4d71ea7fb33c135291354b502577a1d5dc547234-json.log","Name": "/jolly_lewin","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"ConsoleSize": [30,89],"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e314b8bb0c8db0a85ddc0d7ee8515a425cb1b49558d18cf5eeb1d21f4a88b3eb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6768ff10d66787a49db51b3c2ee4c4167388b4c86ac740520f97dd7f2d88a615/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e314b8bb0c8db0a85ddc0d7ee8515a425cb1b49558d18cf5eeb1d21f4a88b3eb/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e314b8bb0c8db0a85ddc0d7ee8515a425cb1b49558d18cf5eeb1d21f4a88b3eb/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e314b8bb0c8db0a85ddc0d7ee8515a425cb1b49558d18cf5eeb1d21f4a88b3eb/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "94c79bffd32f","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": true,"AttachStdout": true,"AttachStderr": true,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": true,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "3812cdfdaf8fd8b1b9494cc54c8a6b8132a6c12ccb3d7456e1736b09e9fbf6f0","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3812cdfdaf8f","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "e1db613abc14887062c5fc9d094081ada397b7f7e1bd38ce6e0ec9a5b3a4e82e","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "f7c9d5077b7c59fe4235f80d94461c8076a73479f4fe4966ca4cd1e3f059f1ac","EndpointID": "e1db613abc14887062c5fc9d094081ada397b7f7e1bd38ce6e0ec9a5b3a4e82e","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
3.6.5 docker exec 进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们的容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的，若要进入容器，需要修改一些配置# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id baseShell# 测试
[root@ds1 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
94c79bffd32f centos "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes jolly_lewin
[root@ds1 /]# docker exec -it 94c79bffd32f /bin/bash
[root@94c79bffd32f /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@94c79bffd32f /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 08:08 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 15 0 0 08:27 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 30 15 0 08:27 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式二
docker attach 容器id# 测试
[root@ds1 /]# docker attach 94c79bffd32f
[root@94c79bffd32f /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
3.6.6 docker cp 从容器内拷贝到主机上
# 命令
docker cp [r] 容器id : 容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 参数r: 递归拷贝
# 测试# 查看当前主机目录下的文件
[root@ds1 home]# ls
data dockers hd las_oa las_oa_web mysql nginx www# 创建并进入容器内部
[root@ds1 home]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4631d6f2bbe4 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@4631d6f2bbe4 /]# cd home/# 在容器内新建一个文件test.java
[root@4631d6f2bbe4 home]# touch test.java
[root@4631d6f2bbe4 home]# exit
exit
[root@ds1 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@ds1 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4631d6f2bbe4 centos "/bin/bash" 35 seconds ago Exited (0) 14 seconds ago nifty_goldstine# 将这个文件拷贝到主机上
[root@ds1 home]# docker cp 4631d6f2bbe4:/home/test.java /home
Preparing to copy...
Successfully copied 1.536kB to /home
[root@ds1 home]# ls
data dockers hd las_oa las_oa_web mysql nginx test.java www# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现打通
4. 小结
4.1 Docker 所有的命令
4.2 exec 和 attach 的区别
- 使用exec进入容器后，是开启了一个新的终端，在里面操作。退出容器后，容器还是运行的。
- 使用attache 是直接在当前容器正在执行的终端里面进行操作。退出容器后，容器也就停止了
4.3 Docker 命令帮助文档
attach #Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
#当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
build #Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit #Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp #Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem # 拷贝文件
create #Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
diff #Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
events #Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
exec #Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
export #Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作 为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history #Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images #List images #列出系统当前的镜像
import #Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image # 从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
info #Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
inspect #Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
kill #Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
load #Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载 一个镜像[对应save]
login #Log in to a Docker registry #
logout #Log out from a Docker registry
logs #Fetch the logs of a container
pause #Pause all processes within one or more containers
port #List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps #List containers
pull #Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push #Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename #Rename a container
restart #Restart one or more containers
rm #Remove one or more containers
rmi #Remove one or more images
run #Run a command in a new container
save #Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search #Search the Docker Hub for images
start #Start one or more stopped containers
stats #Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop #Stop one or more running containers
tag #Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top #Display the running processes of a container
unpause #Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update #Update configuration of one or more containers
version #Show the Docker version information
wait #Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
5. Docker 可视化
- portainer（先用这个）
- Rancher（CI / CD再用）
什么是 portainer？
- Docker 图形化界面管理工具！提供一个后台绵蛮供我们操作！
# 运行如下命令即可 打开可视化服务
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \\--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
-
成功后设置密码，选择本地 local 进行配置 访问http://IP地:8088
-
进入之后的页面
-
点击local后可以查看当前的容器和镜像状态
