1、微服务概述

1.1 概念

1.2 架构演进

• 单体架构：

将业务的所有功能集中在一个项目中年开发， 打成一个jar包
优点：架构简单，部署成本低
缺点：耦合度高

• 分布式架构

按业务功能对系统进行拆分，每一个业务模块作为独立项目开发，成为一个服务
优点：降低服务耦合，有利于服务升级拓展
缺点：

• 微服务架构

一种经过良好架构设计的分布式架构方案

1.3 微服务技术对比

2. springcloud

2.1 注册中心

2.1.1 eureka集群搭建

• 依赖

description '微服务'// 第三方插件对应的仓库和类路径
buildscript {ext {springBootVersion = '3.0.1'springCloudVersion = '2022.0.0'springCloudAlibabaVersion = '2021.0.4.0'}repositories {mavenLocal()maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }google()mavenCentral()}// 此处先引入springboot插件dependencies {classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}"}
}allprojects {group 'com.xing'version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'apply plugin: 'java'apply plugin: 'idea'apply plugin: 'java-library' // 提供api依赖方式支持sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17tasks.withType(JavaCompile).tap {configureEach {options.encoding = 'UTF-8'}}// 设置仓库地址repositories {mavenLocal()// aliyun镜像maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }maven {url 'https://repo.spring.io/milestone'}mavenCentral()}test {useJUnitPlatform()}
}subprojects {// 使用springboot支持插件apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'// 提供dependencyManagement支持apply plugin: "io.spring.dependency-management"// 相当于maven的dependencyManagement标签dependencyManagement{imports {mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"mavenBom "com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}"}}dependencies {// 提供注解处理器annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testImplementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0'testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0'}
}project(':microservice-register'){description '注册中心'dependencies {api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server'}
}project(':microservice-register:eureka-server1'){dependencies {implementation project(':microservice-register')}
}project(':microservice-register:eureka-server2'){dependencies {implementation project(':microservice-register')}
}project(':microservice-service:microservice-order'){description '订单服务'dependencies {implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.31'implementation 'com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:1.2.14'implementation 'org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0'}
}
project(':microservice-service:microservice-user'){description '用户服务'dependencies {implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.31'implementation 'com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:1.2.14'implementation 'org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0'}
}

• 修改hosts文件

127.0.0.1 eureka1
127.0.0.1 eureka2

• 配置1

server:port: 9001
spring:application:name: eureka-server1
eureka:instance:hostname: eureka1  #eureka服务端的实例名称instance-id: eureka-server1client:register-with-eureka: true #false表示不向注册中心注册自己fetch-registry: true #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务service-url:defaultZone: http://eureka2:9002/eureka

• 配置2

server:port: 9002
spring:application:name: eureka-server2
eureka:instance:hostname: eureka2  #eureka服务端的实例名称instance-id: eureka-server2client:register-with-eureka: true #false表示不向注册中心注册自己fetch-registry: true #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务service-url:defaultZone: http://eureka1:9001/eureka

• 服务端代码

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaFirstApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EurekaFirstApp.class,args);}
}@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaSecondApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EurekaSecondApp.class,args);}
}

• 客户端配置1

server:port: 8001
spring:application:name: microservice-orderdatasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1username: rootpassword: root
mybatis:type-aliases-package: com.xing.model.pojomapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*Mapper.xml
eureka:client:register-with-eureka: truefetch-registry: trueservice-url:defaultZone: http://localhost:9001/eureka

• 客户端配置2

  port: 8002
spring:application:name: microservice-userdatasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1username: rootpassword: root
mybatis:type-aliases-package: com.xing.model.pojomapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*Mapper.xmlconfiguration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
eureka:client:register-with-eureka: truefetch-registry: trueservice-url:defaultZone: http://localhost:9002/eureka

• 客户端代码

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan(value = "com.xing.mapper")
public class OrderApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class,args);}
}@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan(value = "com.xing.mapper")
public class UserApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApp.class,args);}
}

2.1.2 nacos项目搭建

• 导入依赖

description 'springcloud-01'
buildscript {ext {springBootVersion = '2.7.4'springCloudVersion = '2021.0.3'springCloudAlibabaVersion = '2021.0.1.0'}// 配制插件仓库repositories {mavenLocal()maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }google()mavenCentral()}// 此处先引入springboot插件dependencies {classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}"}
}allprojects {group 'com.xingyu'version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'apply plugin: 'java'apply plugin: 'idea'apply plugin: 'java-library' // 提供api依赖方式支持sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17// 设置仓库地址repositories {mavenLocal()// aliyun镜像maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }maven {url 'https://repo.spring.io/milestone'}mavenCentral()}// 设置公用的依赖dependencies {// 提供注解处理器annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testImplementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0'testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0'// junit5的支持，4不需要test {useJUnitPlatform()}}
}// 配置所有子工程
subprojects {// 提供dependencyManagement支持apply plugin: "io.spring.dependency-management"// 相当于maven的dependencyManagement标签dependencyManagement{imports {mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"mavenBom "com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}"}}
}project(":microservice-gateway"){description '网关服务'apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'dependencies {dependencies {api ('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway') {exclude(module:'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')}api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap'api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'}}
}project(":microservice-service"){description '封装所有的微服务'subprojects {// 使用springboot支持插件apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'dependencies {api 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap'api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'}}
}

• 配置

server:port: 8001servlet:context-path: /microservice-admin
spring:application:name: microservice-admin
spring:cloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848username: nacospassword: nacosconfig:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848username: nacospassword: nacos

• 代码

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AdminApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class, args);}
}

2.2 远程调用-feign

2.2.1 导入依赖

api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'

2.2.2 代码

• 开启feign支持

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class AdminApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class, args);}
}

• feign接口编写

@FeignClient(value = "microservice-login")
public interface FeignInterface {@GetMapping("/microservice-login/loginController/login")String login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName);
}

• 服务提供

@RestController
@RequestMapping("loginController")
public class LoginController {@GetMapping("login")public String login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName){System.out.println(userName);return "success";}
}

2.3 负载均衡

2.3.1 导入依赖

api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap' // 提供bootstrap的支持
api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'

2.3.1 代码

@Configuration
// 配置client
@LoadBalancerClients(@LoadBalancerClient(name = "microservice-login",configuration = MyConfig.class))
public class MyConfig {@Bean@LoadBalancedpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}@Beanpublic ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> reactorLoadBalancer(Environment environment, LoadBalancerClientFactory factory) {String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);return new RoundRobinLoadBalancer(factory.getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), name);}
}

2.4 网关gateway

2.4.1 导入依赖

project(":microservice-gateway"){description '网关服务'apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'dependencies {dependencies {api ('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway') {exclude(module:'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')}api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap' // 提供bootstrap的支持api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'}}
}

2.3.1 代码

server:port: 8000
spring:application:name: microservice-gateway
spring:cloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848username: nacospassword: nacosconfig:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848username: nacospassword: nacosgateway:routes:- id: microservice-loginuri: lb://microservice-loginpredicates:- Path=/microservice-login/loginController/**- id: microservice-adminuri: lb://microservice-adminpredicates:- Path=/microservice-admin/AdminController/**

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GateWayApp {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(GateWayApp.class, args);}
}@Component
public class MyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter {@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {System.out.println("MyGlobalFilter running");return chain.filter(exchange);}
}