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定时任务框架快速入门

网友: 文章列表 2024-03-22 00:50:09

定时任务框架快速入门

一、Quartz

1. Quartz 概述

Quartz 是一个开源的作业调度框架(job scheduler)，几乎可以集成到任何 Java 应用程序中，从最小的独立应用程序到最大的电子商务系统。Quartz 可用于创建简单或复杂的调度来执行数十个、数百个甚至数万个作业；其任务被定义为标准 Java 组件的作业，这些组件几乎可以执行您编写的任何程序。Quartz Scheduler 包含许多企业级功能，例如对 JTA 事务和集群的支持。

总结：Quartz 它是一个开源的作业调度框架，用来做定时任务的，使用的时候只需设置好触发时间规则cron，以及相应的任务Job即可。

Quartz官网地址：http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/

Quartz文档地址：https://www.quartz-scheduler.org/documentation/quartz-2.2.2/index.html

定时任务框架快速入门

maven依赖坐标：

<dependency><groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId><artifactId>quartz</artifactId><version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId><artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId><version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>

整合springboot的启动依赖：

<!-- quartz -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. SpringBoot整合Quartz

cron在线生成器：https://qqe2.com/dev/cron

1、创建一个springboot工程

定时任务框架快速入门

2、引入quartz启动依赖

<dependencies><!-- quartz任务调度 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

3、创建一个Job类（任务类）

package com.baidou.job;import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Date;/* 任务类 Job @author 白豆五* @version 2023/04/18* @since JDK8*/
@Configuration
@Component
@EnableScheduling
public class HelloJob extends QuartzJobBean {/* 执行定时任务的逻辑 @param jobExecutionContext* @throws JobExecutionException*/@Overrideprotected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {// 编写具体的定时任务逻辑System.out.println("hello job exec~ "+ LocalDateTime.now());}
}

4、创建一个配置类，定义任务和触发器

package com.baidou.config;import com.baidou.job.HelloJob;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/* 定时任务配置类 @author 白豆五* @version 2023/04/18* @since JDK8*/
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {// 工作任务@Beanpublic JobDetail jobDetail() {// 指定任务描述具体的实现类return JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)// 指定任务的名称.withIdentity("HelloJob")// 任务描述.withDescription("任务描述：测试输出一句话")// 每次任务执行后进行存储.storeDurably().build();}// 触发器@Beanpublic Trigger trigger() {//创建触发器return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()// 绑定上述的工作任务.forJob(jobDetail())// 每隔 5 秒执行一次 job// .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ?")).withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.repeatSecondlyForever(5)).build();}
}

5、启动服务测试
定时任务框架快速入门

从日志可以看到Quartz默认采用的是 RAMJobStore，就是将相关的任务信息保存在内存里，当应用重启后，定时任务信息就会丢失，那么我们能不能将这些信息持久化到数据库或硬盘中呢？

3. 切换数据库方式存储任务信息

1、导入数据库相关依赖

<dependencies><!-- quartz任务调度 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency><!--mysql驱动--><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.47</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

2、执行jar包提供的sql脚本

定时任务框架快速入门

#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#
#
# By: Ron Cordell - roncordell
#  I didn't see this anywhere, so I thought I'd post it here. This is the script from Quartz to create the tables in a MySQL database, modified to use INNODB instead of MYISAM.CREATE DATABASE quartz_demo DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;USE quartz_demo;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(190) NULL,
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
INDEX (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(190) NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(190) NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(190) NOT NULL,
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS (
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_J_REQ_RECOVERY ON QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_J_GRP ON QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_J ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_JG ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_C ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_G ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_N_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_N_G_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NEXT_FIRE_TIME ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_MISFIRE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE_GRP ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_TRIG_INST_NAME ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_INST_JOB_REQ_RCVRY ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_J_G ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_JG ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_T_G ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_TG ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);commit;

定时任务框架快速入门

3、在yml中配置quartz参数

spring:datasource:url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/quartz_demo?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver# qyartz任务配置quartz:# 将quartz持久化方式修改为jdbc(默认是内存存储)job-store-type: jdbc#相关属性配置properties:org:quartz:scheduler:# 实例名称instanceName: clusteredScheduler# 实例节点ID自动生成instanceId: AUTOjobStore:#存储方式使用JobStoreTX，也就是数据库class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTXdriverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegatetablePrefix: QRTZ_ # 表的前缀isClustered: false  # true开启集群配置clusterCheckinInterval: 2000 # 设置集群检测间隔为20suseProperties: falsethreadPool:class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPoolthreadCount: 10threadPriority: 5threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true

4、重启应用测试

定时任务框架快速入门

ok，quartz已经成功切换数据库持久化方式了，此时数据库表中也有对应任务信息插入了。

定时任务框架快速入门

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