电影《绿皮书》鉴赏

**《绿皮书》**由彼得·法雷尔执导，维戈·莫滕森和马萨拉·阿里主演，改编自关于保镖托尼的真实故事。20世纪60年代，美国的种族关系紧张，黑人音乐家很少有机会演出。作为当时为数不多的黑人钢琴家之一，唐参加了许多音乐会巡演，其中一些在南部各州。他希望他的表现能改变他当时的一些想法。在旅行期间，他聘请了纽约夜总会的保镖托尼利普作为他的司机和保镖。

绿皮书是专门为当时的黑人在旅行的时候提供的旅行指南。

托尼之前当过兵，之后在夜总会当保镖，因为夜总会要面临装修，所以他需要一个临时的工作用来养家糊口。唐看中了托尼的解决问题的能力（托尼处事圆滑，精明能干有头脑，只是文化水平不高，粗人一个），决定聘请他作为自己南部巡演的司机和保镖。影片一开始，托尼也是具有种族歧视观念的，但为了养家糊口，他选择暂时放下了自己的刻板印象和对黑人的种族歧视观念，为黑人雪利博士服务。毕竟在那个年代，周薪125美元是一份让人很难拒绝的工作。
“Green Book” is directed by Peter Farrell, starring Vigo Mortensen and Mahsala Ali, and is adapted from a true story about bodyguard Tony. In the 1960s, ethnic relations in the United States were tense, and black musicians rarely had the opportunity to perform. As one of the few black pianists at the time, Don participated in many concert tours, some of which were in the southern states. He hoped that his performance could change some of his thoughts at the time. During his tour, he hired New York nightclub bodyguard Tony “Lip” as his driver and bodyguard.

The Green Book is a travel guide specifically for blacks at the time when they were traveling.

Tony worked as a soldier before and then as a bodyguard in a nightclub. Because the nightclub is facing renovation, he needs a temporary job to support his family. Tang took a fancy to Tony’s problem-solving ability (Tony is sleek, smart, capable and intelligent, but he has a low level of education and a rough person), and decided to hire him as the driver and bodyguard for his southern tour. At the beginning of the film, Tony also had racial discrimination, but in order to support his family, he chose to temporarily put aside his stereotypes and racial discrimination against blacks and serve the black Dr. Shirley. After all, in those days, a weekly salary of $125 was a difficult job to refuse.

巡演地图
首先，我先根据影片中两个人的巡演路线来介绍这部电影。
First of all, I will introduce the movie based on the tour route of the two people in the movie.

1.宾州 匹兹堡
托尼和唐从纽约出发，第一站演出地点是匹兹堡。一开始，唐吩咐了托尼一些要注意的事情，比如演出必须要用施坦威钢琴，而且每天晚上他的房间里需要准备一瓶顺风威士忌。托尼对此表示很不理解。唐对于托尼单手开车和在车内吸烟也很反感。在前往匹兹堡的路上，托尼在驾车途中想上厕所，于是他将车停在路边下车去小便，他想起来他的钱包在车上，于是有返回车上将钱包装在身上，这也说明了他对唐的不信任。在伯明翰演出前，唐建议托尼注意自己的言辞，不要说一些粗鲁的语言，还建议托尼将自己的名字修改得让音乐会主持人读起来顺口一些，但托尼觉得没有必要。唐的儒雅和谨慎的言行与托尼的举止随意形成了鲜明的对比。或许是因为那个年代黑人社会地位的普遍低下，导致了唐内心的自卑和谨慎。总之，在这趟旅行的一开始，这些问题就为后面二人之间发生的种种事情埋下了伏笔。
二人在匹兹堡演出完毕后，在俄亥俄州的中央大陆酒店留宿一晚，当晚，托尼给妻子写了旅途中的第一封信。在电影中，托尼与妻子的信件为影片增加了一些温情的色彩，同时通过托尼写给妻子的信，也展现了托尼内心对于唐的看法的变化过程。
Tony and Tang set off from New York, and the first stop was Pittsburgh. At the beginning, Tang told Tony some things to pay attention to. For example, a Steinway piano must be used for the performance, and a bottle of downwind whiskey was needed in his room every night. Tony didn’t understand this. Tang is also disgusted with Tony driving one-handed and smoking in the car. On the way to Pittsburgh, Tony wanted to go to the bathroom while driving, so he parked the car on the side of the road and got off to urinate. He remembered that his wallet was in the car, so he returned to the car and packed the money on him. Explains his distrust of Tang. Before the performance in Birmingham, Tang advised Tony to pay attention to his words and not to speak some rude language. He also suggested that Tony change his name so that the concert host could read it more easily, but Tony felt unnecessary. Tang’s refined and cautious words and deeds contrast sharply with Tony’s casual behavior. Perhaps it was the generally low social status of blacks in that era, which led to Tang’s inferiority and caution. In short, at the beginning of this trip, these problems paved the way for the various things that happened between the two behind.
After the two performed in Pittsburgh, they stayed at the Central Continental Hotel in Ohio for one night. That night, Tony wrote the first letter of the trip to his wife. In the film, Tony and his wife’s letters add some warmth to the film. At the same time, Tony’s letter to his wife also shows the changing process of Tony’s inner view of Tang.
2.印第安那州 汉诺威
托尼知道博士的原则，通过暴力解决，因为雪莉博士只弹斯坦威钢琴，
这是他自己的原则的表现，也是一个立场。暴力不能解决所有问题，但可以解决某些问题。
Tony followed the principles for the doctor through violent settlement, because Dr. Shirley played only the Steinway piano, a manifestation of his own principles, but also a position.
Violence cannot solve all problems, but it can solve some problems.
3.Cedar Rapids IOWA 爱荷华州 锡达拉皮兹
经过一段时间相处，Tony知道了博士作为黑人，总是在热闹的地方演出。但Tony看出了博士有时候并不开心，总是喝酒，有点孤独。
博士不怎么喜欢和自己的亲戚联系。他离过婚，他自己评价自己说他不是一个合格的丈夫。他没有能够很好的平衡音乐和家庭之间之间的关系。
Over time, Tony knew that Dr. As a black man, he always performed in busy places. But Tony saw that the doctor was sometimes unhappy, always drinking, a little lonely.
The doctor doesn’t like to contact his relatives. He was divorced, and he judged himself that he was not a qualified husband. He has not been able to balance the relationship between music and family well.
4.Louisville Kentucky 肯塔基州 路易斯威尔
The Green Book is a travel guide specifically for blacks at the time when they were traveling.
根据绿皮书的指示，博士只能住在这样的旅馆。通过对比博士和Tony的住宿也可以明显的看出当时南部对黑人的歧视非常严重。
According to the instructions of the Green Paper, the doctor can only live in such a hotel. The discrimination against blacks in the South at the time was evident by comparing Dr. and Tony’s accommodation.

博士觉得心情沉闷，想去附近的酒吧喝几杯。结果因为他的肤色，被当地的几个痞子刁难和侮辱。幸亏托尼及时赶到，唐才得以脱身。
The doctor felt dull and wanted to go to a nearby bar for a few drinks. As a result, because of his skin color, he got in trouble and insulted by several local ruffians. Thanks to Tony’s timely arrival, Don was able to get away.
5.Raleigh North Carolina 北卡 罗利
在音乐会开始之前，唐想去洗手间。但是因为他说黑人，无法与白人共用一个洗手间。唐只能去外面解决。
Before the concert started, Tang wanted to go to the bathroom. But because he said that black people cannot share a bathroom with white people. Tang can only go outside to solve it.
在北卡的一家服装店，唐想买一件西装。可是因为他的肤色问题，他甚至连试穿的权力也没有。
In a clothing store in North Carolina, Tang wanted to buy a suit. But because of his skin color, he doesn’t even have the right to try it on.

6. Memphis, Tennessee 孟菲斯

在孟菲斯，唐被警察抓进，托尼通过贿赂赎出了唐。但是唐并不领情，他认为托尼的贿赂行为是违法的。
Tang was caught by the police, and Tony redeemed Tang through bribery. But Tang didn’t appreciate it. He thought Tony’s bribery was illegal.

Don 一直用冷淡外表掩饰自己内心的脆弱和孤独，以及天生的肤色。
Don has always used his cold appearance to cover up his inner fragility and loneliness, as well as his natural complexion.

后来，唐害怕托尼离开他，决定聘请他做经纪人。因为他们前一天吵架了。当托尼拒绝了，并表示他会护送唐完成这次巡演。这也表现了唐内心脆弱的一面。
In Memphis, Don was afraid that Tony would leave him and decided to hire him as an agent. Because they quarreled the day before. While Tony refused, and said that he would escort Tang to complete the tour. It showed the fragile side of Tang’s heart.

7. Birmingham Alabama 伯明翰

在去伯明翰演出的路上，因为是晚上而且在下雨，托尼开车迷路了，在路上遇到了当地警察的盘问。原来，当地规定黑人日落之后不能出门。在警察盘问托尼的姓氏时，托尼说自己是意大利裔，因此遭到了警察的嘲笑，警察说托尼是半个黑人，所以才会选择一个黑人当自己老板。托尼因此打了警察一拳。二人被关进了当地监狱。在狱中，Don质问警察为什么逮捕他，警察说是因为Don的让人讨厌的肤色。之后博士给他的律师打了电话，因为他与司法部长罗伯特肯尼迪相识，在肯尼迪的帮助下，二人才得以脱身。
On the way to Birmingham, because it was night and it was raining, Tony got lost while driving and was questioned by the local police on the way. It turned out that local regulations stipulate the blacks cannot go out after sunset. When the police questioned Tony’s surname, Tony said that he was of Italian origin and was ridiculed by the police. The police said that Tony was half black, so he chose a black man to be his boss. Tony punched the police for this. The two were imprisoned in the local prison. While in prison, Don asked the police why they arrested him. The police said it was because of Don’s unpleasant skin color. Afterwards, the doctor called his lawyer because he met with Attorney General Robert Kennedy. With the help of Kennedy, the two were able to get out.

在离开监狱前往伯明翰的路上，博士的情绪爆发了。博士和托尼吵了一架。
博士将这些年以及巡演开始一路上遇到的歧视和委屈都宣泄了出来
On the way from the prison to Birmingham, the doctor’s emotions exploded. The doctor and Tony had a quarrel. [ˈkwɑːrəl]
The doctor vented all the discrimination and grievances encountered during the past years and the beginning of the tour。

吵架后，二人找了一家旅馆住在了一起。博士夸赞托尼现在写信水平很高，托尼则劝说博士早点与自己的亲人(哥哥)取得联系。“人之所以孤独，是因为不敢迈出第一步”
After the quarrel, the two found a hotel to live together. The doctor praised Tony’s writing skills now, and Tony persuaded the doctor to get in touch with his relatives (brother) as soon as possible. “People are lonely because they dare not take the first step.”
二人有说有笑，开启了最后一站在伯明翰的演出。
The two talked and laughed and started the last show in Birmingham.
邀请雪莉博士表演，却因歧视不让雪莉博士在餐厅吃饭，这是雪丽博士第一次反抗拒绝表演。
Inviting Dr. Shirley to perform, but not allowing Dr. Shirley to eat in the restaurant because of discrimination, was the first time the doctor resisted and refused to perform.
后来通过谈判和交涉，在伯明翰的演出如期进行，为这次巡演之旅划上了一个完美的句号。
Later, through negotiations and negotiations, the performance in Birmingham proceeded as scheduled, marking a perfect end to the tour.

7. New York回家圣诞聚餐

结束巡演，回到纽约之后，正好赶上圣诞节。博士的到来，让托尼一家的圣诞聚餐更加丰富多彩。也让影片有一个让人感到满意的结局，博士和托尼因为巡演之旅而拥有了一段宝贵的友谊。
After finishing the tour and returning to New York, it was just in time for Christmas. The arrival of the Doctor makes the Christmas dinner of Tony’s family more colorful. It also gave the film a satisfying ending. The doctor and Tony had a precious friendship because of the tour.
Tour Route
影片中两位主角一共途径了10个不同的地方，分别是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡；俄亥俄州中央大饭店；印第安纳州汉诺威；爱荷华州锡达拉皮兹；肯塔基州路易斯维尔；北卡罗莱纳州罗利；田纳西州孟菲斯；阿肯色州小石城；路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日；阿拉巴马州伯明翰。其中影片着重讲述了在他们在上述几个地点发生的故事。
The two protagonists in the film went through 10 different places, namely Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Grand Central Hotel, Ohio; Hanover, Indiana; Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Louisville, Kentucky; and North Carolina. Raleigh; Memphis, Tennessee; Little Rock, Arkansas; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Birmingham, Alabama. The film focuses on the stories that happened in the above-mentioned locations.

1’20’’
电影也借此暗喻了博士的教养与体面使他与当时的既定黑人印象格格不入，却又因为肤色导致自己也无法被白人世界接受。相较唐，白人托尼反而是最接地气的那位，讲话粗俗，还会随地乱丢垃圾，但这样的他却能在唐表演的高级餐厅里通行无阻并享用美味的晚餐，也不需要搭上一趟半钟头的车程就可以使用干净的厕所。
The film also used this as a metaphor for the doctor’s updo and dignity, which made him at different from the established black impression of the time, but also because of the color of his skin that he could not be accepted by the white world. Compared to Don, white Tony is the most grounded, vulgar, and littering everywhere, but he can pass through Tang’s high-end dining room and enjoy a delicious dinner without having to take a half-hour drive to use the clean toilet.

越到南方受到的歧视越严重
The further to the south, the more serious the discrimination

互相影响对方言行举止思维变化
Influence each other’s changes in behavior and behavior。

主题和拍摄技巧
• Continuing the genre characteristics of the road film, using a straight line narrative method, it tells the story of black employers and white bodyguards crossing ethnic friendships.
• The expression of piano performance is used to express the inner feelings of the characters and set off the atmosphere.
• “Green Book” subverts the tradition and starts the story with black people as the main line. The two people who are not touched by the difference let go of their prejudices and grow up with each other because of a tour. Their friendship is warm and touching, the story is relaxed, and there are tears in their laughter.
• 《绿皮书》将较为深刻的主题用轻喜剧的形式体现出来，通过生动有趣的剧情引发观众对尊严的深思，对种族歧视的探讨
• 《绿皮书》中的两位主角，一个是游手好闲的白人司机，一个是举止优雅的黑人钢琴家，同样是两个对比鲜明的人物反差
• 《绿皮书》颠覆传统以黑人为主线展开故事，触不可及差异悬殊的两人因为一次巡演放下偏见，彼此成长，他们的友谊温暖感人，故事轻松，笑中有泪。
印象1
• 在去北卡的路上，因为汽车抛锚，二人在一片农场前停下了车。
• 影片中，在他们前往北卡Raleigh的途中，遇到了一群正在辛苦劳作的黑人奴隶。牧场黑奴的日头赤炎炎，身穿昂贵订制西装又有一位白人司机服务的黑人钢琴家，明显形成对比
• In the film, on their way to Raleigh, they met a group of black slaves who was working hard.
• The sun is scorching from the black slaves on the ranch, and the black pianist wearing an expensive custom suit and a white driver serves, which is a clear contrast
•
印象2
图中左侧是巡演之旅一开始的时候，托尼给妻子写信的内容。右侧图片是托尼在博士的指导下，写给妻子的信的内容。导演通过写信这件事，将托尼和博士的关系进一步加深。也是电影中非常有趣的画面之一。
The left side of the picture is what Tony wrote to his wife at the beginning of the tour. The picture on the right is the content of the letter written by Tony to his wife under the guidance of the doctor. The director further deepened the relationship between Tony and the doctor by writing a letter. It is also one of the very interesting scenes in the movie.

讨论

1. 为什么唐博士舍弃在北方三倍的价钱，而自行提出要来会让自己更辛苦的南方做巡回演出？

雪利博士想让很多人看到黑人的优秀。
互相治愈的过程。
博士作为黑人，却可以雇佣白人为其工作，这使雪利博士和普通的黑人格格不入，但因为博士作为拥有黑色肤色的人，无论多么优秀还是不能融入白人之中。上层社会的白人邀请雪利博士进行演奏，然而在台下，他只会被当做一个黑人对待，得不到任何的尊重。
As a black man, the doctor could hire white people to work for him, which made Dr. Shirley at a different level from ordinary blacks, but because he was a man of black color, no matter how good he was or could not fit in with white people. The whites of the upper classes invited Dr. Shirley to perform, but on stage, he was treated only as a black man with no respect.

2. What do you think the film wants to express?